See swolow in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "swallow"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"dialectal swally"
],
"word": "swelly"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swallie"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swally"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "swelch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swallie"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swally"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "swellie"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swallie"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swally"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "swallie"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"ġeswelg",
"geswelg#Old_English"
],
[
"swelh",
"swelh#Old_English"
],
[
"*swelg",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swelg"
],
[
"swalgi",
"swalgi#Proto-West_Germanic"
],
[
"*swelgaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swelgaz"
],
[
"*swalgiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swalgiz"
],
[
"swolwen",
"swolwen#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġeswelg",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English ġeswelg",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġeswelg"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English ġeswelg",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swelg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swelg",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swelgaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swelgaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English ġeswelg, swelh, from Proto-West Germanic *swelg, swalgi, from Proto-Germanic *swelgaz, *swalgiz.\nThe vocalism has either developed similarly to or been influenced by swolwen (“to swallow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swolowes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swelewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelhu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelogh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelwe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolgh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolghe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolowhe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolwe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolwȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolwh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swallough",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swalow",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swalowe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swalghe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swalle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelth",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelwhe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Essex"
]
},
{
"form": "zuelȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "sual",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swalgh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swall",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelgh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolouȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "swolow",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swolowes"
},
"expansion": "swolow (plural swolowes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 42 6 4 2 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 44 5 3 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 17 14 14 14 21 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 30 9 14 4 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "enm:Landforms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Taste",
"orig": "enm:Taste",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 0 34 19 0 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Water",
"orig": "enm:Water",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The throat or esophagus (passage for food):",
"The sensation or capability of taste."
],
"id": "en-swolow-enm-noun-YaAMumE7",
"links": [
[
"throat",
"throat"
],
[
"esophagus",
"esophagus"
],
[
"passage",
"passage#English"
],
[
"food",
"food#English"
],
[
"sensation",
"sensation"
],
[
"capability",
"capability"
],
[
"taste",
"taste"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 31 8 6 8 16 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 42 6 4 2 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 44 5 3 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 17 14 14 14 21 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The throat or esophagus (passage for food):",
"A mouthful tasted or swallowed."
],
"id": "en-swolow-enm-noun-Nv5l0vZB",
"links": [
[
"throat",
"throat"
],
[
"esophagus",
"esophagus"
],
[
"passage",
"passage#English"
],
[
"food",
"food#English"
],
[
"mouthful",
"mouthful"
],
[
"taste",
"taste"
],
[
"swallow",
"swallow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The throat or esophagus (passage for food):",
"(rare) A mouthful tasted or swallowed."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 17 14 14 14 21 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A whirlpool or eddy; water that moves against the current or swirls."
],
"id": "en-swolow-enm-noun-cLYk-lrS",
"links": [
[
"whirlpool",
"whirlpool"
],
[
"eddy",
"eddy"
],
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"current",
"current"
],
[
"swirl",
"swirl"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 17 14 14 14 21 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A current or stream; the flowing of water."
],
"id": "en-swolow-enm-noun-QIEItN0g",
"links": [
[
"current",
"current"
],
[
"stream",
"stream"
],
[
"flow",
"flow"
],
[
"water",
"water"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 17 14 14 14 21 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An abyss; a deep natural hole or pit."
],
"id": "en-swolow-enm-noun-LEvUmRA3",
"links": [
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
],
[
"pit",
"pit"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 17 14 14 14 21 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A drain or gap; an artificial opening"
],
"id": "en-swolow-enm-noun-j5lp7aSp",
"links": [
[
"drain",
"drain"
],
[
"gap",
"gap"
],
[
"artificial",
"artificial"
],
[
"opening",
"opening"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A drain or gap; an artificial opening"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɔlɔu̯/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɔluː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɔliu̯/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɛl-/",
"note": "non-Midland, East Anglia, East Saxon"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈswal-/",
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swal(x)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛlx/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"word": "swolow"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "swolow",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "swolwen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of swolwen"
],
"id": "en-swolow-enm-verb-cFICAEgA",
"links": [
[
"swolwen",
"swolwen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "swolow"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Anatomy",
"enm:Landforms",
"enm:Taste",
"enm:Water"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "swallow"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"dialectal swally"
],
"word": "swelly"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swallie"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swally"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "swelch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swallie"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swally"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "swellie"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swallie"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swally"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "swallie"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"ġeswelg",
"geswelg#Old_English"
],
[
"swelh",
"swelh#Old_English"
],
[
"*swelg",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swelg"
],
[
"swalgi",
"swalgi#Proto-West_Germanic"
],
[
"*swelgaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swelgaz"
],
[
"*swalgiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swalgiz"
],
[
"swolwen",
"swolwen#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġeswelg",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English ġeswelg",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġeswelg"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English ġeswelg",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swelg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swelg",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swelgaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swelgaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English ġeswelg, swelh, from Proto-West Germanic *swelg, swalgi, from Proto-Germanic *swelgaz, *swalgiz.\nThe vocalism has either developed similarly to or been influenced by swolwen (“to swallow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swolowes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swelewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelhu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelogh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelwe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolgh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolghe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolowhe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolwe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolwȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolwh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swallough",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swalow",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swalowe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swalghe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swalle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelth",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelwhe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Essex"
]
},
{
"form": "zuelȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "sual",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swalgh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swall",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swelgh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swolouȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "swolow",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swolowes"
},
"expansion": "swolow (plural swolowes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The throat or esophagus (passage for food):",
"The sensation or capability of taste."
],
"links": [
[
"throat",
"throat"
],
[
"esophagus",
"esophagus"
],
[
"passage",
"passage#English"
],
[
"food",
"food#English"
],
[
"sensation",
"sensation"
],
[
"capability",
"capability"
],
[
"taste",
"taste"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The throat or esophagus (passage for food):",
"A mouthful tasted or swallowed."
],
"links": [
[
"throat",
"throat"
],
[
"esophagus",
"esophagus"
],
[
"passage",
"passage#English"
],
[
"food",
"food#English"
],
[
"mouthful",
"mouthful"
],
[
"taste",
"taste"
],
[
"swallow",
"swallow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The throat or esophagus (passage for food):",
"(rare) A mouthful tasted or swallowed."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A whirlpool or eddy; water that moves against the current or swirls."
],
"links": [
[
"whirlpool",
"whirlpool"
],
[
"eddy",
"eddy"
],
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"current",
"current"
],
[
"swirl",
"swirl"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A current or stream; the flowing of water."
],
"links": [
[
"current",
"current"
],
[
"stream",
"stream"
],
[
"flow",
"flow"
],
[
"water",
"water"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An abyss; a deep natural hole or pit."
],
"links": [
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
],
[
"pit",
"pit"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A drain or gap; an artificial opening"
],
"links": [
[
"drain",
"drain"
],
[
"gap",
"gap"
],
[
"artificial",
"artificial"
],
[
"opening",
"opening"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A drain or gap; an artificial opening"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɔlɔu̯/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɔluː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɔliu̯/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɛl-/",
"note": "non-Midland, East Anglia, East Saxon"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈswal-/",
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swal(x)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛlx/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"word": "swolow"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Anatomy",
"enm:Landforms",
"enm:Taste",
"enm:Water"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "swolow",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "swolwen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of swolwen"
],
"links": [
[
"swolwen",
"swolwen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "swolow"
}
Download raw JSONL data for swolow meaning in Middle English (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.